Nurse turnover definition12/6/2023 ![]() ![]() Individual factors positively associated with turnover intention were stress, burnout, and job dissatisfaction, whereas associations of turnover intention with age, gender, and educational level were inconsistent. In this review, factors were clustered into individual, job-related, interpersonal, and organizational factors. Ī systematic review of systematic reviews before the COVID-19 pandemic examined several factors which are associated with turnover intention. Although nurses leaving their profession entirely could be considered the major problem, turnover within the profession can also cause substantial costs, e.g., due to decreased productivity and training costs for new hires. The decision to leave the job could finally result in turnover behaviour. Furthermore, Takase described the construct of turnover intention as a multi-stage process, which starts with psychological responses to negative aspects of the current job and could lead to the decision to quit. Īlthough there are inconsistencies in definition, turnover intention may be understood as the desire of an employee to quit their current job within a certain time period. During the COVID-19 pandemic, turnover rates among nurses increased. Turnover intention is an important precursor of actual turnover behaviour, which is one of the main contributors to the nursing staff shortage. Įven prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, high job strain was associated with turnover intention among nurses. These continuous strains are associated with the deterioration of the nurses’ mental health: symptoms of depression, anxiety, and inadequate sleeping hours were reported as well as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among frontline nurses, who have direct contact with COVID-19 patients. Additionally, they have to deal with severe disease progression among patients and are at risk to get infected themselves. For instance, many nurses were trained for new tasks or redeployed. Besides physical challenges and high workload, there are many cognitive and emotional challenges nurses have to deal with. At the same time, there is a nursing shortage of nearly six million nurses worldwide today which puts this professional group under great pressure. Nurses, who make up 59% of the world’s health workforce, play a central role in maintaining patient care during this ongoing crisis. In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global pandemic. Future research should focus on longitudinal designs applying carefully defined concepts of turnover intention. The results help to identify high-risk groups according to individual factors and to develop possible interventions, such as trainings for nurses and their superiors, addressing individual and organizational factors. Resilience and supporting leadership could mitigate adverse associations with turnover intention. ![]() Organizational factors associated with turnover intention were e.g., caring for COVID-19 patients, low job control or high job demands, and moral distress. Individual factors such as health factors or psychological symptoms and demographic characteristics were associated with nurses’ turnover intention. ResultsĪ total of 19 articles were included in the analysis. ![]() The included quantitative studies were synthesized qualitatively due to their methodological heterogeneity. MethodsĪfter a systematic search of six databases, the resulting records were screened in a two-step process based on pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Therefore, this review aims to identify factors associated with nurses’ turnover intention during the COVID-19 pandemic. The knowledge of factors associated with turnover intention during the pandemic could help to foster nurses’ retention. Individual and organizational factors were known to be associated with nurses’ turnover intention before the pandemic. Nurses experienced great strain, putting them at risk to leave their jobs. During the COVID-19 pandemic, shortage of nursing staff became even more evident.
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